Evaluating the Diffuse Runoff from Urban Territories in the Volga Basin: Case Study of Rostov City     

Bolgov  M. V.  Zav’yalova  E. V.  Zaitseva  A. V.  Osipova  N. V. 《Water Resources》2020,47(5):673-681

Water Resources - The study is focused on examining and simulating the formation processes of the runoff and pollution export in the case of Rostov (Rostov Velikii), a town in the Volga basin. The...  相似文献   

Information–Modeling Complex for Assessing the Hydroenvironmental Conditions of Reservoirs     

Motovilov  Yu. G.  Golosov  S. D.  Datsenko  Yu. S.  Zverev  I. S.  Puklakov  V. V.  Fashchevskaya  T. B. 《Water Resources》2020,47(5):751-762

Water Resources - An Information–Modeling Complex has been developed for the information support of managerial decision making in the field of rational use, protection, and restoration of...  相似文献   

An Anisotropic Cosmic-Ray Enhancement Event on 07-June-2015: A Possible Origin     

Agnieszka Gil  Gennady A. Kovaltsov  Vladimir V. Mikhailov  Alexander Mishev  Stepan Poluianov  Ilya G. Usoskin 《Solar physics》2018,293(11):154

A usual event, called anisotropic cosmic-ray enhancement (ACRE), was observed as a small increase (\({\leq}\,5\%\)) in the count rates of polar neutron monitors during 12?–?19 UT on 07 June 2015. The enhancement was highly anisotropic, as detected only by neutron monitors with asymptotic directions in the southwest quadrant in geocentric solar ecliptic (GSE) coordinates. The estimated rigidity of the corresponding particles is \({\leq}\,1\) GV. No associated detectable increase was found in the space-borne data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), the Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron (ERNE) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), or the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) instruments, whose sensitivity was not sufficient to detect the event. No solar energetic particles were present during that time interval. The heliospheric conditions were slightly disturbed, so that the interplanetary magnetic field strength gradually increased during the event, followed by an increase of the solar wind speed after the event. It is proposed that the event was related to a crossing of the boundary layer between two regions with different heliospheric parameters, with a strong gradient of low-rigidity (\({<}\,1\) GV) particles. It was apparently similar to another cosmic-ray enhancement (e.g., on 22 June 2015) that is thought to have been caused by the local anisotropy of Forbush decreases, with the difference that in our case, the interplanetary disturbance was not observed at Earth, but passed by southward for this event.  相似文献   

The stretching amplitude and thermal regime of the lithosphere in the nonvolcanic passive margin of Antarctica in the Mawson Sea region     

Yu. I. Galushkin  G. L. Leitchenkov  Yu. B. Guseva  E. P. Dubinin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(1):79-90

The burial history and thermal evolution of the lithosphere within the passive nonvolcanic Antarctic margin in the region of the Mawson Sea are numerically reconstructed for the margin areas along the seismic profile 5909 with the use of the GALO basin modeling system. The amplitudes of the lithosphere stretching at the different stages of continental rifting which took place from 160 to 90 Ma ago are calculated from the geophysical estimates of the thickness of the consolidated crust and the tectonic analysis of the variations in the thickness of the sedimentary cover and sea depths during the evolution of the basin. It is hypothesized that the formation of the recent sedimentary section sequence in the studied region of the Antarctic margin began ~140 Ma ago on a basement that was thinned by a factor of 1.6 to 4.5 during the first episode of margin stretching (160–140 Ma) under a fairly high heat flux. The reconstruction of the thermal regime of the lithosphere has shown that the mantle rocks could occur within the temperature interval of serpentinization and simultaneously within the time interval of lithospheric stretching (–160 < t <–90 Ma) only within separate segments of profile 5909 in the Mawson Sea. The calculations of the rock strength distribution with depth by the example of the section of pseudowell 4 have shown that a significant part of the crust and uppermost mantle fall here in the region of brittle deformations in the most recent period of lithosphere stretching (–104 to–90 Ma ago). The younger basin segments of profile 5909 in the region of pseudowells 5 and 6 are characterized by a high heat flux, and the formation of through-thickness brittle fractures in these zones is less probable. However, serpentinization could take place in these areas as in the other margin segments at the stage of presedimentation ultra slow basement stretching.  相似文献   

Pulsations of the Free Oscillations of the Earth in an Hourly Period Range     

G. A. Sobolev  N. A. Zakrzhevskaya  K. N. Akatova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(3):393-405

The records from 161 identical broadband seismic stations located in different regions of the world after the strong earthquakes off Sumatra Island on December 26, 2004 with magnitude M = 9.1, in Chile on February 27, 2010 with M = 8.8, and the Tohoku earthquake in Japan on March 11, 2011 with M = 9.0 are studied. Oscillations with a period of ~11 h are analyzed. They are observed as pulsations in the free radial oscillations of the Earth lasting more than one week. The stations located a few hundred kilometers apart from each other demonstrate identical records. As the distance between the stations becomes larger, the structure of the records becomes different. At interstation distances of about 3800 km, the records at the stations have opposite phases, and at distances of ~7600 km, the phases coincide. This is reflected in the spatial structure of the areas of the positive and negative phases of the oscillations on the Earth’s surface. This structure recurs at the same time instant after the three considered earthquakes, which indicates that this effect is independent of the properties of the sources. The spatial positions of the areas of positive and negative phases are also not correlated to the geological conditions in the vicinity of the stations which are located both in the subduction zone and within the platform. The structure of the pulsations and their spatial distribution differ from the variations of the Earth’s tides.  相似文献   

Velocity Model of Western Volgo-Uralia from Receiver Functions     

A. G. Goev  G. L. Kosarev  O. Yu. Riznichenko  I. A. Sanina 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(6):949-963

The results of studying the deep structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle in the central part of the Russian platform from receiver functions are presented. The records of teleseismic waves by the Monakovo small-aperture seismic array in the region of the northwestern slope of the Tokmovskii Arch of the Volga–Kama anteclise are used. The modification of the P-receiver function method (Vinnik, 1977) suggested in (Sanina et al., 2014) for analyzing the receiver functions in the regions with a complexly structured upper part of the section and the presence of a thick sedimentary cover is applied. The method is based on separating the high- and low-frequency components of the seismic record and successive reconstruction of the V-s velocity section in the upper part of the crust, which is performed first and, next, the entire deep section of the crust and the mantle down to a depth of ~300 km. The positions of the seismic conversion boundaries in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Monakovo array are determined. The upper mantle velocity section constructed based on the observations at the Mikhnevo array (Sanina et al., 2014) is compared with the world data on the ancient Precambrian platform.  相似文献   

On the Prospect of Detecting the Process of Earthquake Preparation in the Spectrum of Seismic Noise: A Laboratory Experiment     

G. G. Kocharyan  A. A. Ostapchuk  D. V. Pavlov  A. M. Budkov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(6):914-925

The results of laboratory experiments aimed at studying the pattern of the transition process of a model fault into a metastable state are presented. The experiments are conducted on a slider model installed onto a long granite base wherein vibrations are excited. The idea of the experiments is that the mechanical properties of the fault change under the transition into the metastable state. These changes can be detected by the detailed examination of the parameters of microseismic noise. The conducted experiments show that, despite the low Q-factor of the block–fault mechanical system, the spectrum of the recorded oscillations definitely contains the harmonic components corresponding to the eigenmodes of this system. In the model with the interblock contact filled with quartz sand, the fundamental mode of the free oscillations alters most noticeably in the frequency band 1000–1200 Hz, where the clear effect of the spectral peak’s migration towards lower frequencies is observed as the contact approaches the moment of dynamic failure, and the approximately initial value is recovered after the sliding stops. The revealed effect gives hope that the changes in the stress–strain state of the fault zone at the final stage of earthquake preparation can be detected by analyzing the parameters of low-frequency seismic noise. The segment of the record during and after the passage of surface waves from remote earthquakes is perhaps amongst the most favorable for determining the characteristic values of the region under study. These oscillations with a period of a few dozen seconds have significant amplitudes and durations, which promotes the excitation of the resonant vibrations of the blocks.  相似文献   

Evaluating an Analytical Model to Predict Subsurface LNAPL Distributions and Transmissivity from Current and Historic Fluid Levels in Groundwater Wells: Comparing Results to Numerical Simulations          下载免费PDF全文

Robert J. Lenhard  Kaveh Sookhak Lari  John L. Rayner  Greg B. Davis 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2018,38(1):75-84

A recent analytical model predicts free, entrapped, and residual LNAPL saturations and the LNAPL transmissivity in the subsurface from current and historic fluid levels in groundwater wells. As such, the model accounts for effects of fluid level fluctuations in a well. The model was developed to predict LNAPL specific volumes and transmissivities from current fluid level measurements in wells and either recorded historic fluid level fluctuations in wells or estimates. An assumption is made in the model that the predictions are not dependent on whether the historic highest or lowest fluid level elevations in a well occur first. To test the assumption, we conduct two simulations with a modified multiphase flow numerical code TMVOC that incorporates relative permeability‐saturation‐capillary head relations employed in the model. In one simulation, the initial condition is for fluid levels in a well at the historic highest elevations. In the other simulation, the initial condition is for fluid levels in a well at the historic lowest elevations. We change the boundary conditions so both historical conditions occur followed by generating the current condition. Results from the numerical simulations are compared to model predictions and show the assumption in the analytical model is reasonable. The analytical model can be used to develop/refine conceptual site models and for assessing potential LNAPL recovery endpoints, especially on sites with fluctuating fluid levels in wells.  相似文献   

Fluorescent Dyes: A New Weapon for Conquering DNAPL Characterization          下载免费PDF全文

John Horst  Nicklaus Welty  Robert Stuetzle  Rick Wenzel  Randy St. Germain 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2018,38(1):19-25

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On the significance of the climate-dataset time resolution in characterising wind-driven rain and simultaneous wind pressure. Part I: scalar approach     

Pérez-Bella  José M.  Domínguez-Hernández  Javier  Cano-Suñén  Enrique  del Coz-Díaz  Juan J.  Alonso-Martínez  Mar 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(6):1783-1797

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - The joint action of wind-driven rain and wind pressure is the main cause of water penetration in building facades, which causes various...  相似文献